Why is corruption treated as an AML risk rather than a separate problem?

Detailed Explanation

Because the proceeds have to be moved. Bribery, procurement fraud and the misuse of public funds all generate money that must be distanced from its origin before it can be spent, and that movement runs through the same financial system AML controls are designed to watch. That is why an AML framework has to account for political exposure, public procurement vulnerabilities and opaque corporate structures explicitly, rather than treating them as someone else's category of risk. In practice the same controls do both jobs — screening, transaction monitoring and enhanced due diligence — but only if the risk assessment behind them names corruption as a predicate offence it is meant to detect.